冷戰｜真理報

冷戰初期的國際關係

細閱資料A及B

資料A

以下內容取自蘇聯共產黨官方報紙《真理報》對約瑟夫·史達林的訪談，談論1948年柏林危機的情況。

美國和英國那些推動侵略政策的人，並不認為他們試圖與蘇聯達成協議或合作。他們想要的不是協議和合作，而是談論協議和合作，藉此阻礙協議的達成，將責任推到蘇聯身上，以「證明」與蘇聯的合作是行不通的。那些企圖挑起新戰爭的戰爭煽動者最害怕的就是與蘇聯達成協議和合作，因為與蘇聯和諧相處的政策會削弱這些戰爭煽動者的地位，使他們的侵略政策失去意義。 

正因如此，他們破壞已經達成的協議，否認他們自己的代表與蘇聯共同制定的協議，並違反聯合國憲章，把問題提交到安理會，那裡他們擁有穩固的多數票，可以「證明」他們所想要的任何結果。他們這樣做是為了「顯示」與蘇聯的合作是不可能的，並「證明」新戰爭的必要性，為戰爭的爆發做準備。美國和英國現任領導人的政策是一種侵略政策，是挑起新戰爭的政策。

資料B

以下漫畫出版於1946年美國。

Path to peace：和平之路

Stalin：史太林

Greece：希臘

(a) 史太林對西方國家的行為持什麼看法？試參考資料A，解釋你的答案。

(4分)

(b) 你認為資料B漫畫的主要信息是什麼？試從資料B引用線索，解釋你的答案。

(3分)

(c) 就反映1945－1964年間冷戰發展而言，資料A及B有多大用處？試參考資料A及B，並就你所知，解釋你的答案。

(8分)

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International relations in the early stages of the Cold War

Study sources A and B

SOURCE A

The following is adapted from an interview of Joseph Stalin by the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Pravda, on the situation of the Berlin Crisis in 1948.

The thing is that those in the United States and Great Britain who inspire an aggressive policy do not consider themselves interested in an agreement and in co-operation with the U.S.S.R. What they want is not agreement and co-operation, but talk about agreement and co-operation, so as to put the blame on the U.S.S.R. by preventing agreement and thus to “prove” that co-operation with the U.S.S.R. is impossible. What the war instigators who are striving to unleash a new war fear most of all is the reaching of agreements and co-operation with the U.S.S.R. because a policy of concord with the U.S.S.R. undermines the position of the instigators of war and deprives the aggressive policy of these gentlemen of any purpose.

It is for this reason that they disrupt agreements that have already been reached, that they disavow their representatives who have drawn up such agreements together with the U.S.S.R., and in violation of the United Nations Charter refer the question to the Security Council, where they have a guaranteed majority and where they can “prove” whatever they like. All this is done to “show” that co-operation with the U.S.S.R. is impossible and to “show” the necessity for a new war, and thus to prepare the ground for the unleashing of war. The policy of the present leaders of the U.S.A. and Great Britain is a policy of aggression, a policy of unleashing a new war.

SOURCE B

The following cartoon was published in 1946 in the US.

a)     What view did Stalin hold towards Western actions? Explain your answer with reference to Source A.

(4 marks)

b)   What, in your opinion, was the main message of the cartoon? Explain your answer with reference to source B.

(3 marks)

c) How useful were Sources A and B in reflecting the development of the Cold War from 1945-64? Explain your answer with reference to Source A and B, and using your own knowledge.

(8 marks)

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Answer