冷戰｜和平音樂節

資料A

下文取材自1989年一份於蘇聯境內出版的報章。

昨日舉辦的莫斯科和平音樂節吸引超過十萬名公民入場
昨日於莫斯科舉辦的和平音樂節成為首個於我們親愛的祖國裡舉行的「搖滾音樂」大型活動。不久以前，「搖滾音樂」這一音樂種類仍然被文化部嚴厲禁止，但在米凱．戈巴卓夫同志的指導下，這項禁令於六個月前被取消。 戈巴卓夫同志對兩星期前到達的西方搖滾樂隊表示熱烈歡迎，更在今天早上公開表示昨日所舉辦的和平音樂節是「和平的象徵」，也是一個「可以幫助我們衰退中的文化產業引進新元素的巨大成功」。 然而，文化部提示大眾警惕「西方價值和資本主義生活方式的滲透」。當局亦宣布於未來舉辦的類似活動中可能會增加開放時段的限制，以防止「青少年於午夜時分在酒精的影響下與警察同志發生肢體衝突」。文化部部長強調我們的祖國現在需要新一波的「共產文化保衛者」以抗衡「西方腐敗的生活文化」。當局會否允許未來舉辦更多類似的西式音樂節活動仍然是未知之數。	主要由年輕人組成的人民群眾在酒精和音樂伴隨下於中央列寧體育場整晚勁歌熱舞

 資料B

以下取材自1987年在英國報章上出版的一幅漫畫，標題為「兩隻跛腳鴨」。漫畫中所描繪的協議為《中程導彈裁撤條約》。

THE OLD GUAARD：保守派

‘Peace in our time!’：我們時代的和平！

Signed: Lame duck Reagan Lame duck Gorbachev：簽署者：跛腳鴨列根和跛腳鴨戈巴卓夫

‘Peace has a sporting change of lasting for the short time left to you and me!’：和平真的很有體育精神，能夠堅持到我們餘下的短暫任期完結為止！

(a) 從資料A歸納兩個蘇聯在1989年面對的問題。試參考資料A，解釋你的答案。

(4分)

(b) 漫畫家對《中程導彈裁撤條約》持什麼看法？試參考資料B，解釋你的答案。

(3分)

(c) 「蘇聯的解體主要由戈巴卓夫所導致。」你是否同意此說？試參考資料A及B，並就你所知，解釋你的答案。

(8分)

---

Source A

The following text is taken from a newspaper published in the Soviet Union in 1989.

The Moscow Peace Music Festival held yesterday attracted over 100,000 citizens.

The Peace Music Festival in Moscow became the first major "rock music" event to take place in our beloved homeland. Not long ago, this genre of music was strictly banned by the Ministry of Culture, but under the guidance of Comrade Mikhail Gorbachev, this ban was lifted six months ago. Comrade Gorbachev warmly welcomed the Western rock bands that arrived two weeks ago and publicly stated this morning that the Peace Music Festival held yesterday is a "symbol of peace" and a "great success that can help introduce new elements to our declining cultural industry." However, the Ministry of Culture urged the public to remain vigilant against the "infiltration of Western values and capitalist lifestyles." The authorities also announced that there may be increased restrictions on open hours for similar future events to prevent "youth from engaging in physical conflicts with police comrades under the influence of alcohol at midnight." The Minister of Culture emphasized that our homeland now needs a new wave of "defenders of communist culture" to counter "the corrupting lifestyle of the West." Whether the authorities will allow more similar Western-style music festivals in the future remains uncertain.

The crowds, largely composed of young people, danced vigorously all night at the Central Lenin Stadium, accompanied by alcohol and music.

Source B

The following is taken from a cartoon published in a British newspaper in 1987, titled "Two Lame Ducks." The agreement depicted in the cartoon is the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.

THE OLD GUAARD：Conservative Party

‘Peace in our time!’

Signed: Lame duck Reagan, Lame duck Gorbachev

‘Peace has a sporting change of lasting for the short time left to you and me!’

(a) Conclude two problems faced by the Soviet Union in 1989 from Source A. Explain your answer with reference to Source A.

(4 marks)

(b) What is the cartoonist's view on the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty? Explain your answer with reference to Source B.

(3 marks)

(c) "The dissolution of the Soviet Union was mainly caused by Gorbachev." Do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer with reference to Sources A and B, and your own knowledge.

(8 marks)

---

Answer