冷戰｜廚房辯論

戰的主要特徵

細閱資料G及H

資料G

以下取材自1959年美國副總統尼克遜與蘇聯領導人赫魯曉夫在美國國家展覽會上的對話。

（尼克遜指着洗碗機）

赫魯曉夫：我們也有這種東西。

尼克遜：這是我們的最新型號……在美國，我們想令婦女的生活輕鬆一點……

赫魯曉夫：你們從資本主義角度看待婦女，這事情不會在共產主義下發生。

尼克遜：這房子的價格約需14,000美元，大多數美國人都可以買一間……

赫魯曉夫：我們的鋼鐵工人和農民也能負擔價值14,000元的房子。但你們美國人的房子只能夠保持20年，然後便不能居住。那麼建築商便能再出售新房子。我們則不同，我們的房子很堅固，我們的子子孫孫都能居住。

尼克遜：我們的房子亦能保持20年以上。但即使如此，在20年後，許多美國人都希望有一個新房子或一個新的廚房，美國的制度是有利於新發明和新技術。

赫魯曉夫：美國人塑造了他們心目中蘇聯人的形象。但他們並非你們所想這樣的。你認為蘇聯人會為看到這些東西而目瞪口呆嗎？但事實的是，現在蘇聯新建的住宅都已經有這個設備。

尼克遜：是的，但⋯⋯

赫魯曉夫：在蘇聯，你只要生為蘇聯的公民便可得到這樣的房子。但在美國，如果你沒有錢，你只能夠在行人道上睡覺。然而，你們卻說我們是共產主義的奴隸。

資料H

以下資料取材自一幅1977年出版於西德的漫畫。

「好，那我們開始裁軍吧……」

*USAF CURISE MISSLE：美國空軍巡洋導彈

*BACKFIRE：回擊

*SALT：限制戰略武器條約

(a) 赫魯曉夫在對談中對尼克遜持什麼態度?試參考資料G，解釋你的答案。

(3分)

(b) 你認為資料H漫畫的主要訊息是什麼？試從資料H援引兩項線索，解釋你的答案。

(4分)

(c) 就反映1945-1991年間冷戰發展的特徵而言，資料G及H有多大用處？試參考資料G及H，並就你所知，解釋你的答案。

(8分)

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Main characteristics of the Cold War

Read Source G and H

Source G

The following was taken from a conversation between US Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet leader Khrushchev at the American National Exhibition in 1959.

Khrushchev: [after Nixon called attention to a built-in panel-controlled washing machine]: "We have such things."

Nixon: "This is the newest model. ...... He added that Americans were interested in making life easier for their women……”

Khrushchev: “In the Soviet Union, they did not have the capitalist attitude toward women."

Nixon: “The house could be built for $14,000 and that most veterans had bought houses……”

Khrushchev: "We have steel workers and we have peasants who also can afford to spend $14,000 for a house." He said American houses were built to last only twenty-years, so builders could sell new houses. At the end of that period "We build firmly. We build for our children and grandchildren."

Nixon: “American houses would last more than twenty years, but even so, after twenty years many Americans want a new home or a new kitchen, which would be obsolete then. The American system is designed to take advantage of new inventions and new techniques.”

Khrushchev: "The Americans have created their own image of the Soviet man and think he is as you want him to be. But he is not as you think. You think the Russian people will be dumbfounded to see these things, but the fact is that newly built Russian houses have all this equipment right now.”

Nixon: “Yes, but…”

Khrushchev: “Moreover, all you have to do to get a house is to be born in the Soviet Union. You are entitled to housing. In America, if you don't have a dollar-you have the right to choose between sleeping in a house or on the pavement. Yet you say that we are slaves of communism.”

 Source H

The below source is a cartoon published in West Germany in 1977.

“Okay, then let’s start disarmament……”

(a) What was Khrushchev’s attitude towards Nixon in the conversation? With reference of source G, explain your answer.

(3 Marks)

(b) What do you think was the main message of the cartoon in source H? Quote two clues from source H, and explain your answers.

(4 Marks)

(c) In terms of characteristics reflecting the development of the Cold War from 1945 to 1991, how useful was source G and H? With reference of Source G and H, and your own knowledge, explain your answer.

(8 Marks)

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Answer