香港｜街坊會

20世紀末的香港 

細閱資料A及B。

資料A

SOURCE A

以下說明了殖民地時期香港政府對公眾事務的管理。

1950至1960 年代是街坊會的全盛時期。許多對街坊會貢獻良多的領袖後來成為社會上的重要人物，並獲得英國女王頒發勳章。過去，曾舉辦大規模的街坊節，以表彰街坊會為市民服務的努力。一些具有聲望和影響力的街坊會成員被推薦為「街坊首長」，並有機會參加港督舉辦的花園派對。街坊會在救災方面表現出色。然而，到了 1970 年代，許多街坊會逐漸無法有效促進居民之間的互助，其昔日的聲望也逐漸衰落。1973 年，市政事務處鼓勵住在多層大廈的居民成立自己的互助委員會。自此之後，市政事務處不再依賴街坊會，街坊會也逐漸變成名存實亡的組織。

資料B  

以下摘錄改編自兩份於1919年6月4日刊登在香港報紙的報導。

摘錄 1：《南華早報》關於「反日抵制運動：香港的示威活動」的報導

6 月 3 日中午，一群共九名中國青年沿著皇后大道中步行。每名青年手持一把中國製造的油紙傘，傘上寫有八個大字：「華人應該支持國貨」。這一標語的意義十分明確。我們了解到，這群人可能是本地學校的學生，由一個組織化的反日抵制協會派出，然而這一點尚未得到官方證實。這類示威活動有損外國商業利益，在英國殖民地內是不能被允許的。這些學生，不論他們是誰，在自願參與此行動前，必定已經準備好承擔後果。因此，當巴西爾督察根據指示將他們帶往警察局時，他們應該早有心理準備。我們獲悉，他們將因參與未經華民政務司批准的街頭遊行而被正式控告。警方及時制止這一行動是非常令人滿意的，因為若任其發展，這類活動可能演變成嚴重事件。

摘錄 2：《華字日報》關於「學生被拘捕」的報導

昨日早上，一群約七至八名學生在街上行走，每人手持一把中國製造的油紙傘。這些傘上醒目地用白色油漆寫上「國貨」二字。當他們經過時，行人紛紛駐足觀望。此時，一名來自中區警署的警員上前干預，將其中一名為首的學生拘捕，其餘六、七名學生亦隨之被帶走。 

然而，經調查後，結果顯示這些學生只是攜帶油紙傘隨意閒逛，並未有任何騷擾行為，根本不應成為警方介入的理由。警方的行動甚至引起在場旁觀者的不滿。此外，調查亦顯示，這些學生當天只是放假相約飲茶，而傘上僅寫有「國貨」二字，並無其他標語。

(a) 根據資料A，推斷1950和1960年代英國殖民統治香港的一項特徵。試參考資料A，解釋你的答案。

(3分)

(b) 比較資料 B 中兩個摘錄對被捕華人學生的態度。試參考資料B，解釋你的答案。

(4分)

(c) 「香港殖民政府在二戰後對基層華人的治理方式發生了巨大變化。」你是否同意這一說法？參考資料 A 和B，並就你直至1970年代香港歷史發展所知，解釋你的答案。

(8分)

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SOURCE A

The following illustrates the administration of Hong Kong colonial government over the public affairs.

The 1950s and 1960s marked the heydays of Kaifong associations. Many leaders who had contributed a lot to Kaifong associations turned to be prominent leaders in society and they were awarded medals from the British Queen. In the past, large scale Kaifong festivals were held to praise the effort of Kaifong associations to serve the people. Some prestigious and important people of the Kaifong associations were recommended as Kaifong chiefs and they had the chance to take part in the garden party of the Governor. Kaifong associations did an amazing job in disaster relief. Approaching the 1970s, many Kaifong associations practically failed to encourage mutual assistance among people and they gradually lost their prestige of their past. In 1973, the City District Offices motivated people living in multi-storey buildings to organise their own mutual aid committees. Since then the City District Offices no longer relied on the Kaifong associations and they existed in name only.

SOURCE B   

以下摘錄改編自兩份於1919年6月4日刊登在香港報紙的報導。

The following extracts are adapted from two reports published in two Hong Kong newspapers on June 4, 1919.  

Extract 1: Report on ‘Anti-Japanese Boycott: Demonstration in Hong Kong’ from South China Morning Post   

At noon on June 3, a body of Chinese youths, nine in number, passed along Queen’s Road Central. Each youth carried an oil paper umbrella, Chinese made, on which was written eight large Chinese characters “Chinese community should patronize native products.” The meaning was significant enough. We understand the party was made up of students of local schools and was sent out by an organized anti-Japanese boycott association. This is, however, not officially confirmed. This kind of demonstration, being detrimental to foreign business interests, cannot be allowed in a British Colony. The boys, whoever they may be, before they volunteered their services must have been prepared to accept the consequences when Inspector Brazil, acting on instructions, brought them to the Police Station. We are informed that they will be charged in due course with participating in a street procession for which they had not obtained the required permit from the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. It is most satisfactory that the Police stopped the movement, for such activities, if allowed full scope might develop into a serious matter.

Extract 2: Report on ‘Students Taken into Custody’ from Chinese Mail

Yesterday morning, a group of about seven or eight students was spotted walking down the street, each holding a Chinese-made oiled paper umbrella. The umbrellas were prominently marked with the words “National Goods” written in bold white paint. Passersby stopped to watch as a police officer from the Central Police Station approached and intervened, taking one of the leading students into custody, with the remaining six or seven following suit.    

Yet, after investigation, it was clear that the students were simply strolling with their oiled paper umbrellas and had not engaged in any form of disturbance that warranted police action. Such acts even caused all bystanders to express their dissatisfaction with the police intervention. The investigation also revealed that those students were taking a day off to enjoy tea together, and the umbrellas only bore the words “National Goods,” without any other inscriptions. 

(a) Infer from Source A one characteristic of British colonial rule over Hong Kong in the 1950s and 1960s. Explain your answer with reference to Source A.          

(3 marks)

(b) Compare the attitudes of two extracts in Source B towards the arrested Chinese students. Explain your answer with relevant clues from Source B.                     

(4 marks)

(c) ‘The colonial government of Hong Kong changed its approach towards grass-root Chinese drastically after the Second World War.’ Do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer with reference to Sources A and B and using your own knowledge of historical development in Hong Kong up to the end of the 1970s.  

(8 marks)

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Answer