香港｜戰後殖民統治

細閱資料A及B。

資料A

以下取材自麥理浩總督1973年10月17日在立法局的演講。

去年提到的新五年社會福利計劃已經與一份白皮書*一同發佈，並於4月1日正式生效。該計劃的初稿由一個包括官守成員和非官守社會工作者的混合工作小組制定，並以綠皮書**的形式發佈。在聽取本會的意見後，還為公眾和志願機構提供了表達意見的機會。這些意見被納入了最終的白皮書，該白皮書現已成為該計劃的體現。我重述這個過程，是因為我相信這種諮詢過程將被各位尊敬的議員認為是處理此類計劃的正確方式。 

該計劃將每年進行一次審查，以確保持續的五年展望。計劃的實施已經順利展開。社會服務司稍後將在辯論中詳細說明，我僅希望提及一兩個要點。新的社會工作培訓學院已於上月成立並開始運作。我希望它能充滿活力，為社會提供越來越多急需的受訓社會工作者。同時，我也希望它能對香港社會工作的發展方向產生重大影響。該學院應該既是新理念的孵化場所，也是一個分析與交流實踐經驗的平台。

*白皮書：指具有權威性的報告書或指導性文本作品，用以闡述、解決或決策

**綠皮書：政府就某一重要政策或議題而正式發表的諮詢文件，起源於英美政府。因為報告書的封面是綠色，所以被稱為綠皮書

資料B

以下取材自一本有關香港房屋協會的書籍。

引文一

……政府成立了房屋委員會，並啟動了自己的計劃，建造所謂的徒置大廈。儘管這些大廈可以每10天完成一座，但對於龐大的等候人數來說，仍然無法產生顯著的影響。 

最終，政府認為向外部組織提供貸款已無意義，因此決定自行承擔大部分公共房屋的建設。1964年發佈的一份白皮書提出了一個大膽但從長遠來看過於雄心勃勃的計劃，即在10年內以17億港元的成本重新安置190萬人，並為另外29萬人提供成本為3.53億港元的低成本住房。在這種情況下，當時的房屋委員會和房屋協會可能會失去額外的資金支持。

引文二

……房屋協會作出了強烈反應：「其他人口群體的需求同樣迫切且重要，因此不應減少財務資助。」1964年的年度報告進一步聲明：「完全集中於最低標準的住所並非明智之舉。惡劣的居住條件是最嚴重的社會問題，而香港人民最擔憂的是被迫流落街頭，無家可歸。」

(a) 資料A的演講如何引起對香港社會服務發展前景的欣賞？試參考資料A，解釋你的答案。

(3分)

(b) 港英政府在處理房屋問題一事上有多成功？試參考資料B，解釋你的答案。

(4分)

(c) 「1958－1982年間，香港殖民地政府顯示了提供社會福利的能力。」你是否同意此說？試參考資料A及B，並就你所知，解釋你的答案。

(8分)

---

Study Sources A and B.

Source A

The following script is extracted from Governor MacLehose’s address to the Legislative Council on the 17thOctober, 1973.

The new 5-year plan for social welfare, which I referred to last year, has been published together with a White Paper* and both came into effect on the 1st of April. The first draft was the product of a mixed working party of official members and of unofficial social workers. This was published as a green paper**, and after the views of this Council had been taken an opportunity was provided for the public and the voluntary agencies to express their views on the plan. These were taken into account in the final White Paper which now embodies the plan. I recapitulate because I am sure that this process of consultation will commend itself to honourable Members as the right way to handle plans of this sort.

The plan will now be reviewed each year so as to provide a constant 5-year projection. Implementation of the plan has started well. The Secretary for Social Services will be going into details later in the debate and I only wish to refer to one or two points. The new Institute for Social Work Training has now been established and opened last month. I do hope it will be dynamic. It will provide the community with an increasing and badly needed supply of trained social workers. But I hope that it will also have a major impact on the lines along which social work in Hong Kong develops. It should be both a forcing house for new ideas, and a forum for the analysis and exchange of practical experience.

*White Paper: An authoritative report or guiding document used to explain, address, or make decisions on specific issues or policies.

**Green Paper: A consultation document officially issued by the government on an important policy or topic. Originating from British and American governments, it is called a "Green Paper" because of the green cover of the report.

SOURCE B

The following script is extracted from a book about the Hong Kong Housing Society.

Extract I

...The Government launched its own programme by setting up the Housing Authority and building so-called settlement blocks. Although they could be completed at the rate of one every 10 days, these blocks were unable to make a deep impression on the huge numbers waiting.

The Government eventually decided there was no point in lending money to outside organizations; it would undertake most of the public housing on its own. A White Paper in 1964 set out bold but in the long-run over-ambitious plans to resettle 1.9 million people in 10 years at a cost of 1,700 million, as well as low-cost housing for another 290,000 costing 353 million. This being the case both the then Housing Authority and the Housing Society might be deprived of additional funds.

Extract II

..The Housing Society reacted sharply: ‘The needs of other sections of the population are pressing and no less important and no reduction in financial provision should be made’. The 1964 annual report went on to declare: ‘It is vitally important not to concentrate completely on minimum standard accommodation. Deplorable housing conditions are the most serious social problem, and the greatest fear menacing the people of Hong Kong is of being forced into the street with nowhere to live.’

(a) How does the speech in Source A result in appreciation towards the prospect of social service development in Hong Kong? Explain your answer with reference to Source A.

(3 marks)

(b) How successful is the Hong Kong British government in handling the housing problem? Explain your answer with reference to source B. 

(4 marks)

(c) ‘The colonial government of Hong Kong demonstrated an ability to provide social welfare during 1958-1962.’ Do you agree? Explain your answer with reference to Sources A and B and using your own knowledge.

(8 marks)

---

Answer