二戰|火邊聊天
- chehistory
- 5月16日
- 讀畢需時 3 分鐘
資料A
以下漫畫取自一本1935年的美國雜誌,名為「火邊聊天」。

資料B
以下為邱吉爾對於1938年3月德國吞併奧地利的反應。
我不知道有甚麼可以說服我,如果現在正在活動的邪惡勢力正在以他們的成功和他們的受害者為樂,當我們團結一致,我們的任務將會更容易。我們不但要明確政府的政策,而且要努力讓全國人民都擁護政策,以至不會有任何改變,也不至於有任何懷疑或猶豫。對我們來說,一年後面對的問題絕對不會比今天更容易。事實上,抵抗或會被延遲,直到一個不可能繼續抵抗,或不可能達成真正的集體安全的地步。 3 月 11 日事件的嚴重性怎麼誇大都不為過。歐洲面臨著一個經過精心計算和時機安排、逐步展開的侵略計劃,而且只有一個選擇,不僅對我們,而且對其他不幸被牽連的國家 ── 要麼像奧地利那樣屈服,要麼趁還有時間採取有效措施,防範危險,如果不能防範,就應對它……如果我們要拖延, 如果我們要在相當長的一段時間內繼續等待事件發生,我們會浪費多少現在可用於我們的安全和維護和平的資源?有多少朋友會被疏遠,有多少潛在的盟友會 ── 走向可怕的深淵,有多少次虛張聲勢會成功,直到虛張聲勢背後不斷聚集的力量積累了現實? |
(a) 推論這段時期美國外交政策的一個特色。根據資料C,解釋你的答案。
(3分)
(b) 你認為邱吉爾對眾議院發表演講的目的是什麼?根據資料D,解釋你的答案。
(4分)
(c) 「第二次世界大戰是一戰後的一系列外交失敗的結果。」評論此說能否成立。試參考資料C及D,並就你所知,解釋你的答案。
(8分)
Source A
The below cartoon was from an American magazine in the 1935, named “Fireside Chat”.

Source B
The below is Churchill's reaction to Germany's annexation of Austria in March 1938.
I know of nothing to convince me that if the evil forces now at work are suffered to feed upon their successes and upon their victims, our task will be easier when finally we are all united. Not only do we need a clear declaration of the Government's policy, but we require to get to work to rally the whole country behind that declared policy, in order that there shall not be shifts and changes, as well as that there shall not be any doubt or hesitation. It will certainly be no easier for us to face the problems with which we are confronted a year hence than it is to-day. Indeed, we might easily delay resistance to a point where continued resistance and true collective security would have become impossible. The gravity of the event of 11th March cannot be exaggerated. Europe is confronted with a programme of aggression, nicely calculated and timed, unfolding stage by stage, and there is only one choice open, not only to us, but to other countries who are unfortunately concerned—either to submit, like Austria, or else to take effective measures while time remains to ward off the danger and, if it cannot be warded off, to cope with it…… If we were to delay, if we were to go on waiting upon events for a considerable period of time, how much should we throw away of resources which are now available for our security and for the maintenance of peace? How many friends would be alienated, how many potential allies should we see go, one by one, down the grisly gulf, how many times will bluff succeed, until behind bluff ever gathering forces have accumulated reality? |
(a) Infer one feature of the U.S. foreign policy during this period. Explain your answer with reference to Source C.
(3 Marks)
(a) What do you think was the purpose of Churchill's speech to the Parliament? With reference of source D, explain your answer.
(4 Marks)
( c) "The Second World War was the result of a series of diplomatic failures after the First World War ." Comment on the validity of this statement with reference to Source C, D and your own knowledge.
(8 Marks)
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