題目拆解
參考答案(中文版)
(a) 指出綠色和平所作環保努力的兩種形式。就每一形式，從資料F引用一項線索作為例證。（2+2分）
考生表現
表現尚可。選答中文卷的考生較選答英文卷者為佳。很多選答英文卷的考生不理解關鍵詞「形式」的意思。表現較差的考生僅抄錄資料內容。
評分準則
L1 能引用相關線索但未能歸納出合理的形式。 [最多2分]
L2 能引用相關線索並能歸納出合理的形式。 [最多4分]
形式 & 線索：
- 發起運動- 反對美國（1971年）和法國（1985年）進行核試；反對捕殺鯨魚（1975年）。
- 支持環保呼籲- 支持全球禁止在食水加入氯氣（1986）
- 推廣自然遺產- 讓俄羅斯的科米森林成為世界自然遺產（1995）
- 生產環保物品- 與雷諾合作生產環保汽車（1996）
參考答案
第一，綠色和平通過發起運動來推動全球環保。 參考資料F，綠色和平為杜絕「玩具含有聚氯乙烯（PVC）」而策劃「全球運動」要求玩具製造商正視問題，最終迫使「玩具反斗城決定不售賣含聚氯乙烯的玩具」，以上反映綠色和平發起運動引起國際關注，藉此推廣環保訊息。 第二，綠色和平與生產商合作來處理環境問題。 參考資料F，為減少二氧化碳排放量，紓緩全球增溫的情況，綠色和平跟「汽車製造商雷諾合作」，共同合作「一個生產環保汽車的計劃」，藉此改善汽車污染問題，為環保出一分力。
(b) 綠色和平曾遭遇什麼困難？試引用資料F兩項線索，支持你的答案。（3分）
考生表現
表現尚可。很多選答英文卷的考生未能理解關鍵詞「困難」的意思。
評分準則
困難（1分）： 例：
- 政府干預 - 缺乏足夠力量實行有關宗旨 線索（2分）： 例：
- 1985年，綠色和平船隻「彩虹戰士」號遭法國特工炸毀。
- 雖然多次抗議，核擴散仍是有待解決的問題。
參考答案
綠色和平遭遇政府反對的困難。
參考資料F，當綠色和平抗議「法國進行地下核試」活動中，其宣傳船隻「彩虹戰士」慘遭法國特工「炸毀」，以示警戒。這都反映綠色和平推行環境工作並不容易，因其遭政府反對，造成嚴重阻礙。
更甚，資料F指綠色和平另一抗議「荷蘭輸入基因改造大豆」活動時，其另一宣傳船隻「天狼星」遭警方「扣留」，運動一度受阻，顯示政府干預及打壓為綠和平色帶來重大困難。
(c) 自成立之始，綠色和平即採取不接受政府及企業金錢贊助的政策。試參考資料F，解釋 (i) 它為什麼採取該政策；（2分）
考生表現
表現良好。很多考生能夠解釋為何綠色和平採取不接受政府及企業金錢贊助的政策。
評分準則
L1 能運用相關線索，但沒有恰當的解釋。 [最多1分] L2 能運用相關線索，但作恰當解釋。 [最多2分]
例：
- 避免利益衝突；綠色和平不時發起運動，會損及政府和企業的利益。
參考答案
綠色和平推行該政策原因是避免利益衝突。
參考資宗F，綠色和平經常策劃反政府和企業運動，包括「抗議美國進行核試」（1971）、「反對法國進行核試」（1995）和「反對玩具含有聚氯乙烯（PVC）」等。收受政府或企業資金運作的話，一方面考慮到往後營運將未能抵抗政府無理政策；另一方面，政府將著停止援助而干預綠色和平。因此，她成立後拒絕收受政府及企業的金錢援助。
(ii) 該政策有否影響綠色和平的運作。（3分）
考生表現
表現尚可。部分考生未能明瞭題旨；他們認為不接受政府及企業金錢贊助的政策影響了綠色和平的運作，但所提出的線索卻說明情況是相反的。這可能是由於他們將「財政穩定」誤解為「財政不穩」。
評分準則
L1 能引用相關線索，但沒有恰當的解釋。 [最多2分]
L2 能引用相關線索，並作恰當解釋。 [最多3分]
例：
- 綠色和平自其成立之始已經有效進行各種倡議，例如發起各種運動。
- 綠色和平財政狀況穩定。
參考答案
「不接受政府及企業金錢的政策」未有影響綠色和平的運作。
基於資料F顯示，由1971年成年綠色和平至1998年這27年間依然順利運作，更甚資料指「結色和平財政狀況穩定」，而且「全球淨收入達一億一百萬美元」，擁有足夠資金繼續推廣環保運動，的確未有阻礙其運作。
參考答案(英文版)
(a) Identify two forms of environmental protection efforts made by Greenpeace. For each form, cite one clue from Source F as illustration. (2+2 marks)
Candidates’ Performance
Performance was fair. Performance of candidates who attempted the Chinese version of this paper was better than those who attempted the English version. Many candidates who attempted the English version could not understand the key word ‘form’. Weak candidates merely copied from the Source.
Marking Scheme
L1 Able to cite relevant clues but unable to conclude forms logically. [max. 2]
L2 Able to cite relevant clues and conclude legitimate forms logically. [max. 4]
Forms & Clues:
e.g.
- Conducting campaigns- against US (1971) and French (1985) nuclear tests; against whaling (1975)
- Supporting initiatives- support a universal ban on chlorine in drinking water (1986)
- Promoting natural heritages- make Russia’s Komi Forest a world natural heritage (1995)
- Producing environmental-friendly products- produce environmental-friendly cars in a joint project with Renault (1996)
Suggested Answer
First, Greenpeace started global campaigns to promote environmental protection.
According to source F, Greenpeace started a global campaign “against toys containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC)” and demanded manufacturers to resolve the problem, eventually the “retailer Toys”R”Us decided not to sell toys containing PVC”. This shows that Green Peace successfully raised international awareness which helped to promote environmental protection.
Second, Greenpeace cooperated with manufacturers to resolve environmental problems.
According to source F, in order to reduce carbon dioxide emission and relieve global warming, Greenpeace cooperated with “Renault a French car manufacturer” in a project to “produce environmentally-friendly cars” so as to reduce air pollution from vehicles.
(b) What difficulty did Greenpeace encounter? Cite two clues from Source F to support your answer. (3 marks)
Candidates’ Performance
Performance was fair. Many candidates who attempted the English version of this paper failed to tackle the key word ‘difficulty’.
Marking Scheme
Difficulty [1 mark] : e.g.
- Government intervention - Lack of the necessary power to realize its aim Clues [2 marks] : e.g.
- Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior was bombed by French secret agents in 1985.
- Nuclear proliferation was still an issue despite repeated protests.
Suggested Answer
The Greenpeace encountered oppositions from governments.
According to source F, when Greenpeace protest against “French underground nuclear tests”, “Greenpeace’s ship Rainbow Warrior” was bombed by French agencies as a warning. This reflects that it was hard work for Green Peace to advocate environmental protection as they encountered government opposition which caused obstruction.
Furthermore, source F states that when Greenpeace protest against “the import of genetically modified soybeans” in the Netherlands, their ship Sirius was detained by the police, the campaign was stopped, showing that oppression from the government brought about difficulties to their actions.
(c) Greenpeace has adopted the policy of not accepting government and corporation money ever since it was set up. With reference to Source F, explain (i) Why it adopted this policy; (2 marks)
Candidates’ Performance
Performance was good. Many candidates could explain why Greenpeace adopted the policy of not accepting government and corporation money.
Marking Scheme
L1 Able to use relevant clues without due explanation. [max. 1]
L2 Able to use relevant clues with due explanation. [max. 2]
e.g.
- It was to avoid conflict of interest, as Greenpeace sometimes conducted campaigns against the interest of governments and corporations.
Suggested Answer
The Greenpeace adopted such policy to avoid conflicts of interest.
According to source F, Greenpeace always planned campaigns against governments and corporations, including the campaign “against a nuclear test by the USA” (1971), the protest against “French underground nuclear tests” (1995) and against “toys containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC)”. If they accepted donations from governments or corporations, on one hand they might be unable to resist government’s problematic policies in the future; on the other hand, the operation of Greenpeace might be affected once the government stop the funding. Therefore, Greenpeace refused to accept money from governments or corporations.
(ii) Whether this policy has affected the operations of Greenpeace (3 marks)
Candidates’ Performance
Performance was fair. Some candidates did not understand the question well; they claimed that the policy of not accepting government and corporation money affected the operations of Greenpeace, but provided clues that proved otherwise. It was probably because they misinterpreted ‘stable financial position’ as ‘financially unsound’.
Marking Scheme
L1 Able to cite relevant clues without due explanation. [max. 2]
L2 Able to cite relevant clues with due explanation. [max. 3]
e.g.
- Greenpeace could adopt effective initiatives such as campaigning, ever since it was set up
- Greenpeace was in a sound financial position.
Suggested Answer
The policy of “not accepting government and corporation money” did not affect the operation of Greenpeace. According to source F, from 1971, when Greenpeace started to operate, until 1998, the operation of Greenpeace remained stable, the source even states that Greenpeace “reached a stable financial position” and its net income reached 101 million US dollars. It had sufficient funding to continue its campaigns in environmental protection, hence the policy did not affect its operation.
Comments